Born | Kevin Andrew Lynch January 7, 1918 |
---|---|
Died | April 25, 1984 (aged 66) Aquinnah, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, United States |
Occupation | Urban planner, scholar, writer |
Awards | Rexford G. Tugwell Award(1984) |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Influences | Frank Lloyd Wright |
Academic work | |
Institutions | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1949–1978) |
Main interests | Urban planning; environmental psychology; urban form |
Notable works | The Image of the City What Time is This Place? A Theory of Good Urban Form |
Notable ideas | Mental mapping; wayfinding; imageability |
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- Site Planning, Third Edition by Kevin Lynch, Gary Hack Site Planning, Third Edition by Kevin Lynch, Gary Hack PDF, ePub eBook D0wnl0ad. This new edition of Kevin Lynch's widely used introductory textbook has been completely revised; and is also enriched by the experience of Lynch's coauthor, Gary Hack.
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Download PDF Article Metrics. Site Planning, 3rd Edition Kevin Lynch and Gary Hack, MIT Press, Cambndge, MA, 1984 (3d ed.). 499 pp $5.95 Good City Form Kevin Lynch. Jul 30, 2018 Open Library is an initiative of the Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form.Other projects include the Wayback Machine, archive.org and archive-it.org.
Kevin Andrew Lynch (January 7, 1918 – April 25, 1984) was an American urban planner and author. He is known for his work on the perceptual form of urban environments and was an early proponent of mental mapping. His most influential books include The Image of the City (1960), a seminal work on the perceptual form of urban environments, and What Time is This Place? (1972), which theorizes how the physical environment captures and refigures temporal processes.
A student of architect Frank Lloyd Wright before training in city planning, Lynch spent his academic career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, teaching there from 1948 to 1978. He practiced site planning and urban design professionally with Carr/Lynch Associates, later known as Carr, Lynch, and Sandell.
- 1Biography
- 5Bibliography
- 7References
Biography[edit]
Early life and education[edit]
Lynch was born as the youngest child of an Irish American family on January 7, 1918.[1] He was raised in the Hazel Avenue neighborhood on the North Side of Chicago.[2] After graduating from the Francis Parker School in 1935, Lynch matriculated at Yale University intending to study architecture.[3] Finding its pedagogy too conservative, he left to study under Frank Lloyd Wright at Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin.[4] Lynch later stated that Wright was a great influence, but disagreed with his individualistic social philosophy.[5] Leaving Wright after a year and a half, he enrolled at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York to study engineering in 1939, but did not complete the program and went to work for Chicago architect Paul Schweikher. In 1941, Lynch married Anne Borders, a fellow graduate of the Parker School.[6]
Three weeks after his wedding, Lynch was drafted into the Army Corps of Engineers, serving in the Philippines and Japan through 1944.[7] After the war, he completed his undergraduate education at MIT and received a Bachelor's degree in city planning in 1947.[8]
Academic career[edit]
After graduation, Lynch began work in Greensboro, North Carolina as an urban planner but was soon recruited to teach at MIT by Lloyd Rodwin. He began lecturing at MIT the following year, becoming an assistant professor in 1949, a tenured associate professor in 1955, and a full professor in 1963.[8]
In 1954, after receiving a grant from the Ford Foundation to study urban form in Italy, Lynch and his MIT teaching colleague Gyorgy Kepes were awarded a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study perceptions of the urban environment and urban form.[n 1] Lynch and Kepes' research was published in 1960 as Lynch's book The Image of the City.[9] In 1970, Lynch received funding from UNESCO to study the use of cities by young people in urban areas of Salta, Melbourne, Toluca, and Krakow, a project summarized in his book Growing Up in Cities (1977).[10]
Lynch provided seminal contributions to the field of city planning through empirical research on how individuals perceive and navigate the urban landscape.[11] Btd5 hacked unblocked online. His books explore the presence of time and history in the urban environment, how urban environments affect children, and how to harness human perception of the physical form of cities and regions as the conceptual basis for good urban design.
Parallel to his academic work, Lynch practiced planning and urban design in partnership with Stephen Carr, with whom he founded Carr/Lynch Associates in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Later life[edit]
Lynch became professor emeritus in 1978, but continued to write and practice architecture.[11] He died of a heart attack at his summer home at Gay Head on Martha's Vineyard on April 25, 1984.[11]
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The Image of the City[edit]
Lynch's most famous work, The Image of the City (1960), is the result of a five-year study on how observers take in information of the city. Using three American cities as examples (Boston, Jersey City and Los Angeles), Lynch reported that users understood their surroundings in consistent and predictable ways, forming mental maps with five elements:
- paths, the streets, sidewalks, trails, and other channels in which people travel;
- edges, perceived boundaries such as walls, buildings, and shorelines;
- districts, relatively large sections of the city distinguished by some identity or character;
- nodes, focal points, intersections or loci;
- landmarks, readily identifiable objects which serve as external reference points.
In the same book, Lynch also coined the words 'imageability' and 'wayfinding'. Image of the City has had important and durable influence in the fields of urban planning and environmental psychology.
Personal life[edit]
Anne Borders Lynch and Kevin Lynch were married in 1941 and had four children.[6] The Lynches were long-term residents of Martha's Vineyard, where Anne continued spending her summers until her death in 2011.[6]
See also[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
Books[edit]
Site Planning Kevin Lynch Pdf Download
- Lynch, Kevin (1960). The Image of the City. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. OL5795447M.
- Lynch, Kevin; Hack, Gary (1962). Site Planning. MIT Press. (2nd ed. 1971; 3rd ed. 1984)
- Appleyard, Donald; Lynch, Kevin; Myer, John R (1964). The View from the Road. MIT Press.
- Lynch, Kevin (1972). What Time is this Place?. MIT Press. ISBN0-262-12061-5.
- ——— (1976). Managing the Sense of a Region. MIT Press. ISBN0-262-12072-0. (2nd ed. 1980)
- ——— (1981). A Theory of Good City Form. MIT Press. ISBN0-262-12085-2. (2nd ed. Good City Form 1984)
- ——— (1990). Southworth, Michael (ed.). Wasting Away. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. ISBN0-87156-675-3.
Selected articles[edit]
- ——— (April 1954). 'The Form of Cities'. Scientific American. 190 (4): 54–63. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0454-54.
- ——— (1961). 'The Pattern of the Metropolis'. Daedalus. 90 (1): 79–98.
- ——— (January 1961). 'How We See Our Cities'. MIT Technology Review. 63: 19–21.
- ——— (September 1965). 'The City as Environment'. Scientific American. 213 (3): 209–219. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0965-209.
- ——— (1984). 'The Immature Arts of City Design'. Places. 1 (3): 10–21.
Book chapters[edit]
- ——— (1976). 'Grounds for Utopia'. EDRA 6: Responding to Social Change(PDF). The Environmental Design Research Association. pp. 27–46.
- ——— (1984). 'Reconsidering the Image of the City'. In Banerjee, Tridib; Southworth, Michael (eds.). Cities of the Mind: Environment, Development, and Public Policy. Springer. pp. 151–161.
Edited volumes[edit]
- ———, ed. (1977). Growing Up in Cities. MIT Press. ISBN026212078X.
Site Planning Kevin Lynch Gary Hack Pdf
Anthologies[edit]
- ——— (1990). Banerjee, Tridib; Southworth, Michael (eds.). City Sense and City Design: Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch. MIT Press. ISBN0-262-12143-3.
Site Planning Kevin Lynch Pdf Free
Notes[edit]
- ^The Rockefeller Foundation grant was the first in a series of awards made during the 1950s and early 1960s to researchers studying urban design. Other recipients included Jane Jacobs, Ian McHarg and Edmund Bacon.
References[edit]
Kevin Lynch Criminal Minds
References[edit]
- ^Andrade, Leonardo M.V. (2005). 'Lynch, Kevin'. In Caves, Roger W. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 297–298. ISBN9780415252256. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- ^Banerjee & Southworth 1996, pp. 10.
- ^Banerjee & Southworth 1996, pp. 10–12.
- ^Banerjee & Southworth 1996, pp. 12, 16.
- ^Banerjee & Southworth 1996, pp. 16.
- ^ abc'Anne B. Lynch Loved Her Summers in Aquinnah'. Vineyard Gazette. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^Banerjee & Southworth 1996, pp. 19.
- ^ ab'Preliminary Inventory to the Papers of Kevin Lynch'. MIT Libraries. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
- ^Laurence, Peter (2006). 'The Death and Life of Urban Design: Jane Jacobs, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the New Research in Urbanism, 1955-1965'. Journal of Urban Design. 11 (2): 145–172. doi:10.1080/13574800600644001.
- ^Chawla, Louise (1997). 'Growing up in cities: a report on research under way'(PDF). Environment & Urbanization. 9 (2).
- ^ abcSevero, Richard (3 May 1984). 'Kevin A. Lynch, Pioneer Urban Theorist'. New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Works Cited[edit]
- Banerjee, Tridib; Southworth, Michael (1995). 'Kevin Lynch: His Life and Works'. In Banerjee, Tridib; Southworth, Michael (eds.). City Sense and City Design: Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch. MIT Press. pp. 1–29. ISBN978-0-262-62095-6.
External links[edit]
- 'Kevin Andrew Lynch, 1918-1984, Papers, 1934-1988.' at the MIT Institute Archives and Special Collections.
- The Perceptual Form of the City Materials from Kevin Lynch and Gyorgy Kepes' Rockefeller-funded study of Boston, 1954-1959
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin_A._Lynch&oldid=909533372'
Kevin Lynch Photography
Overview
This new edition of Kevin Lynch's widely used introductory textbook has been completely revised; and is also enriched by the experience of Lynch's coauthor, Gary Hack. For over two decades, Site Planning has remained the only comprehensive source of information on all the principal activities and concerns of arranging the outdoor physical environment. Now, new illustrations double the visual material and one hundred pages of new appendixes cover special techniques, provide references to more detailed technical sources, and put numerical standards in a concise form.
Site Planning Kevin Lynch Pdf Download
An introduction summarizes the site planning process. This is followed by a case study of a typical professional project and ten chapters which provide new materials on user analysis, programming, site planning for built places, housing tenures and their planning implications, cost estimating, mapping, the reading of air photographs, site design for housing in developing countries, design strategies, environmental impact analyses, and many others—all illustrated with in-text photographs and line drawings and with Lynch's characteristic marginal sketches.